Image of Nurses in the Media Essay

The image of nursing as portrayed by the media swings like a pendulum in between negative and positive attributes. However, most times, the impersonation is more on the negative side. Most nurses will readily agree to the fact that the way the media paints the profession is way beyond what they believe in or practice. Indeed, it falls short of fair and truthful image. In as much as all other media- newspaper, TV ,Radio, Internet services e.t.c are to an boundary guilty of this same negative depiction of nurses, Hollywood paints the worst pictures and theirs greatly mold the public opinion and view of nursing as pictures dont need million words to be captivating These stereotypes about nursing are largely planted and nurtured by Hollywood shows and spread throughout the world. As far back as 1932, Hollywood in its film A farewell to Arms depicted nursing as having no security and autonomy. The header nurse in the film was shown as being weak, helpless and reluctant to fight for a nurse who was dismissed because a surgeon believed that she was a bewilderment to his ambulance driver.In other words, physicians dictate what happens in nursing. With that coward perspective, many nurses entered into the profession answering yes doctor to all orders without any question. Nurses are then at the receiving end of Doctors and patients bullying. In more recent times, nursing is still depicted as being reserved for those who are not able to conduct it to college or medical schools. This is seen in the movies like House, Gracie, Grey anatomy, Akeelah & the bee and others. Nurses were either seen idling, rattling, bemoaning their fate or submissively stupid leaving the physicians with all the decisions and care of their patients. Also in Akeelah and the Bee (2006), nurses were portrayed as those needing attitudinal changes. Tanya in the film is a nurse but seen very angry all the time, not encouraging her daughter and smoking in a house that harbors kids. The meat sent across is either that nurses dont practice what they preach or they are so dumb to know the medical implications of such behaviors. Moreover, it was overly said that Tanya settled to be a nurse after dropping out of college.Implicitly, one does not need a college education to be a nurse. Such deduction was seen in the film Blue Valentine 2008. In another film Million Dollar Baby, nurses were pointed out as amateurs who sole commit on physicians orders in maintaining health and that was aptly shown when Maggie in the film bit her tongue and the nurses only solution was sedation mocking what nursing really entails-prevention, promotion of health, advocacy, support and others. Same cluelessness of nurses was projected in Brooke Ellison Story (2004) and equally showing nurses as negligent, ill-mannered and not been empathetic.Nurses are also seen in Hollywood as insignificant in healthcare. In the film, Sicko (2007) and Living in Emergency, no recognition was given to the nurses who f ought with the physicians to save the lives they were applauding for. However, some Hollywood works e.g HawthoRNe, Rookies, Angels in America, Nurse Jackie were able to project nurses as brave advocates, empathetic, intelligent, skillful and not prostituting. To change the mindset of the public and erase the implanted stereotype about nursing, nurses kickoff need to see the job as a profession and then struggle relentlessly to be intelligent and reliable professionals.Then, nurses need to be stronger and louder in speaking back to the media in general. Messages of what nursing is should be sent across through televisions, radios, newspapers, billboards, internet services ,CDs, DVDs, Magazines, Schools and other available means. Letters need to be written to Tv program stating our ideas and counteracting any false notion against us. Nurses in notable positions should persistently speak up and defend the profession, redeem its image and make it more attractive. More public approval a nd acceptance can advance nursing, help in the looming shortage of nurses and as such help the care arranging in the long run.ReferencesLaura A. Stokowski (2010) A letter to Hollywood. Nurses are not Handmaiden. Medscape. Sandy and Harry Summers (2010) Saving lives Why the media portraya of nurses puts us al at risk. Retrieved from http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practce/clinical-zones/educators/the-image-of-nursing1/21/2013

Marketing Week Essay

Being able to target certain people privy be tricky sometimes specially if you dont know what youre doing or what your target is. You have to be able to sell yourself as well as the harvest-tide and who better to sell Girl Scout cookies then young girls. The Girl Scouts mainly target the middle and upper class families with kids in the same years group as the girls in the Girl Scout organization. Cookie sales have grown into a major money merchandising operation, bringing in over $714 million a year.However, cookie sales have declined one percent each year for the past six years. The Girl Scouts have do several changes to the program that they hope will help spark sales and constitute cost saving opportunities. The Girl Scout troops will be selling cookie lashes for four dollars apiece, up from the $3. 50 price mandated in 2006. The Girl Scouts will also be asking certain troops to minify their cookie lineups to six varieties. 2) How well do you think the Girl Scouts succeed i n relationship marketing?Examine the different factors on which relationship marketing depends. The top six selling cookies that the Girl Scouts sell are Thin Mints, Do-Si-Dos, Trefoils, Samoas, Lemon Chalet Cremes, and, Tagalongs account for about 77 percent of cookie sales, and many attempts to create cookies geared toward specific markets have not fared well in the recent years. The Dulce de leche cookies, based on classic Latin America treats were design to appeal to Hispanic markets as part of the Girl Scouts broader diversity initiatives.However, sales figures did not seem to indicate any particular market preference for that variety. A diabetic companionate sugar free chocolate ship variety also failed to generate a significant sales boost. While each Girl Scout does not keep the income from her sales troop members see the direct benefits of their efforts these kinds of strategies help reinforce the broader purpose of the cookie program such as teaching girls valuable lesson s in marketing and career training.The Girl Scouts specify five essential life skills that the cookie program focuses on developing goal setting, decision making, money, management, people skills, and channel ethics. As Councils are shifting their focuses onto better business approaches and skill development, many are hosting sales training seminars. 3) Although some people take away win benefits from selling Girl Scout cookies, not every Girl Scout is going to go into a marketing career, and many might find the problem of cookie selling particularly difficult.Do you think the experience of cookie selling, and more generally the lessons you might learn from this course about marketing and sales, can still be beneficial, especially to someone who might find the activities challenging? The Council of Nassau country, New York brought in professional sales trainer Jeff Goldberg, who teaches the Scouts the same techniques he would use for any other business. Says Goldberg, Goal sett ing, which was the first thing we covered. Is the first thing I cover with any group of sales people, if you dont have a goal with any group of sales people?If you dont have a goal, how are you going to get in that location? The Nassau county council is encouraging all girls to try to sell 100 boxes important sales strategies brainstorming methods and places for selling, self-presentation cues like smiling being polite, and thanking customers (even if they dont cloud anything) and turning around reluctant buyers with questions such as whats your favorite cookie? And Can I get you to buy just one box? The Girl Scouts also emphasized the importance that girls personally do the selling while parents must company Scouts during sales initiatives and can assist in other ways.

Iron Crowned Chapter 14

This isnt what I had in mind when I state we should go pop on a date.It took me a few sure-enough(a) age to compress in to see Enrique Valdez, and Kiyo had decided to accompany me. While waiting for my appointment, Id checked in once with the Thorn Land, besides to find the whole down frustrating. Though no one openly said it well, except for Jasmine they all popular opinion me breaking up with Dorian was the worst idea ever. I likewise learned from Shaya that arrangements for a war meeting were getting bogged down. Dorian insisted all three monarchs meet in person. Katrice wanted to send her nephew. There was excessively the proceeds of which kingdom would host because several others wanted to, most likely in the hopes of getting in full with one or all of us. I told Shaya I didnt care ab forbidden the details and to simply do whatever it took to finish this war quickly.When Kiyo and I reached Enriques address, we found it was in a small, sad-looking office expression in one of the more rundown areas of downtown Tucson. I eyed it askance as we stood revealside and waited for him to buzz us up.I dont get why it took us three days to get in, I said. It doesnt really depend like hes got that much business.The door buzzed, and Kiyo subject it. Maybe its a c all over, he said. We walked up to the consequence floor, where Enriques office was located. Maybe he wants to hide how successful he is.Thats ridiculous I stopped when the office door opened before we knocked. Even with Enrique standing(a) in the doorway, I could see beautiful, expensive furnishings.Well, Ill be damned, I muttered, entering at Enriques gesture.He was shorter than me, with deeply tanned skin and black hair starting to gray. I put him somewhere in his mid to lately forties. His attire didnt quite match the offices opulence. In fact, it looked like stereotypical P.I. clothing from some old detective noir film, complete with a fedora.Markhams girl, huh? he asked, voice laced w ith a faint Spanish accent. His eyes fell on Kiyo. And a bodyguard?A friend, I said sharply. I dont ingest a bodyguard.Right. Enrique didnt sound like he believed that. He pointed us to some plush leather chairs while he sat in an even bigger one across from us. A huge cherry desk was situated between us. It gleamed deep red in the late afternoon light and didnt look like the kind of thing youd find at IKEA.I stared around at the rest of the office, still amazed at how it contrasted with the exterior. Books ranging widely from Moby Dick to Arizona state law lined shelves that matched the desk, and small pieces of art paintings, statues, et cetera adorned the room.So, began Enrique. Whats his name, and why do you think hes cheating on you?I huh? I jerked my head from a sculpture that looked like some Mayan god and stared at Enrique in astonishment. What are you talking about? Is that what Roland told you?No, he didnt tell me anything. I just figured thats why you were here. Th ats usually what women come in for.Kiyo make a small sound beside me that I think was a laugh. Thats ridiculous, I exclaimed, shy(p) if I should be offended or not. I need you to investigate a murder.Enrique arched an eyebrow. Thats what the police are for.They already investigated it. And actually, they declared it a suicide.And you need me because ?Because I dont think it was, I said. I think it was a murder and that the victims family might be in danger.Enrique made no attempt to hide his skepticism. Do you redeem any evidence to support this theory?I took a deep breath, hoping Roland had been right about this guy. The victims, um, ghost said she didnt kill herself.Her ghost, he repeated. As though on cue, Deanna materialized in the room, though Enrique couldnt see her. Kiyo and I could with our otherworldly senses, but neither of us gave any indication of her arrival.I nodded. Roland said you Yeah, yeah, said Enrique. I know about that hocus pocus he deals with. Im also gues sing suicide might be so traumatic that afterward, maybe a ghost barricade out what she actually did.Thats not square exclaimed Deanna.I supposed it wasnt out of the realm of possibility, but Id explore all other options first. I dont think thats the case. I think she really was murdered. If thats true, we need to make sure no one else in her family gets hurt.If she was murdered, countered Enrique, then statistics say someone in her family probably did it.Thats not true eitherI ignored Deannas second outburst and stayed fixed on Enrique. Well, one way or another, I need to know.He leaned back in his chair, putting his feet up on his desk and crossing his arms behind his head. If hed cry (out)ed me dame, I wouldnt flip been surprised. The police obligate all this into consideration, you know. What makes you think Id find something they studynt?I thought guys like you were smarter than the police, said Kiyo. Figured you had connections and channels above the law. That you didnt play by the same rules.Thats true, said Enrique, seeming pleased at the compliment. I swore, he was also taking Kiyo more seriously than me. I can look into it, I suppose. But its not like Ill do it for free, just because youre cute. That was directed back at me.I repressed a scowl. I didnt expect you to. I can pay.He considered this and finally gave a nod, straightening back up in his chair. Okay. Tell me what you know, and Ill get to it when I can.What cried Deanna.This is kind of prison term sensitive, I said. Mostly because I wasnt sure how much more of Deanna I could handle.Enrique gestured to a stack of folders on a table. So are these. Im drowning in paperwork. Cant keep half of these straight.Well pay for you to expedite it, said Kiyo.I shot him a look of astonishment, not thrilled that hed speak for me peculiarly considering my income was lower than it used to be. Nonetheless, it got Enriques attention. Expediting it is, then.I gave him all the details Id recently learne d from Deanna, and to his credit, Enrique diligently wrote them all down and asked pertinent questions that reaffirmed my faith in his legitimacy. The price he named didnt cheer me up as much, but there was nothing to be done for it.When Kiyo and I finally got up to leave, I couldnt resist asking the obvious. You seem to be doing pretty well so whys your office in a dump like this?Enrique didnt look offended so much as swaggering that Id ask such a ridiculous question. Do you know how much office rent is lately? Im saving tons of money.Maybe you should put that extravagance toward a secretary instead of statues, I pointed out, nodding toward the tower of folders.I dont trust anyone, he said bluntly. Especially when ghost clients show up. He opened the door. Ill be in touch.Charming, I said, once Kiyo and I were on the road again. The only thing Im convinced that guy can do is help in the regression of womens rights.Kiyo tried to hide a smile and failed. He was right about you bei ng cute, though. And I dont know something tells me that despite the attitude, hes pretty competent. Crappy building aside, he couldnt afford that office if he wasnt achieving results. Besides, Roland wouldnt recommend anyone incompetent.Unless he was trying to sabotage me.Kiyos smile faded. Do you really think hed do that to you?I stared out the passenger seat window. No. He wouldnt.Im tough, you know. I really am. About Roland.I dont want to talk about it, I said. My mood plummeted each time Rolands name came up.Okay, then. You want to salvage this date and get some lunch?I didnt have faith in the change of subject. I didnt think anything could really deflect me, certainly not the crappy Mexican restaurant Kiyo took us to.Are you serious? I asked. Felipes Fiestaland was the cheesiest restaurant in town, figuratively speaking. In a devote like Tucson, where you could get amazingly authentic Southwestern cuisine, Felipes was for tourists and suburbanites who didnt know any bette r.Are you saying a margarita wouldnt do you good? he asked, getting out of the car.I would never say that. But there are better places with better margaritas.They still use tequila in theirs. Isnt that what really matters?Fair point.We were greeted by a hostess who sounded like shed espousen one semester of Spanish in high school. Piatas hung from the ceiling, and bad mariachi music blasted from speakers. I scanned the drink menu as soon as we sat down and was ready when the waiter came by.Ill have your Double Platinum Extra Premium Margarita, I told him.Grande or super grande? asked the waiter.Super.Kiyo looked impressed. Ill have the same. When we were alone, he asked, What is that exactly?I propped an elbow on the table, resting my chin on my palm. Im not sure, but it sounded like it had the most alcohol in it. Places like this escape to drown their drinks in mixers.Spoken like a pro.Stating the obvious. You and I both know Rozas has the best margaritas.Kiyo smiled at that, fla shing me a warm and knowing look. I had a feeling he was thinking about a memory that had come to me too, back from when wed dated. Wed gone out to Rozas which really did have the best margaritas in town and gotten so drunk that neither of us could drive home. So, wed used the car for the only thing we could sex. Twice.The drinks arrived and were about the size of fishbowls. They were also about half-mixer, as suspected, but at least that still left a reasonable quantity of alcohol. I drank mine down quickly as we waited for our food. Alcohol numbed my shamanic powers a little bit and sometimes let me forget my problems. Not so much today.Do you think Enrique might be right? I asked. That Deanna did make suicide and blocked it out? The ghost had left us once we departed from the office.I dont know. I dont know if shed believe it, even if he rancid up a film or something.I grimaced and downed more of the drink. I hope not. Its nothing Id want to watch. Im tired of bloodshed.I kno w, he said gently. And no matter what I said before and how upset I was when this war started well, I have to admit. Youve handled it as best you could. Word gets around. I know youve made some tactical moves that minimized casualties and not just for your own people.Tactical. Casualties. I shook my head, eyeing my low margarita. Those are terms I never thought Id use. And really, I dont have much to do with that planning. Rurik does.But you give the okay, Kiyo pointed out. Not many rulers would. Most would do whatever it took to crush their enemies quickly.Ive certainly wanted to. Dorian had as well, and the few disagreements wed had during our wartime partnership had been over civilian collateral damage. Can we talk about something not Otherworldly? And not about suicide?Sure. Our waiter on the spur of the moment appeared with the plate of Mile High Muy Bueno Nachos wed ordered. Kiyo flashed him a grin. Shell have another margarita. Also, its her birthday.I shot Kiyo a look of horror as the waiter scurried off. Are you out of your mind? You dont say something like that in a place like thisBut it was too late. Because in a matter of minutes, the entire waitstaff of Felipes Fiestaland had surrounded our table. person put a sombrero on my head and a candlelit piece of flan in front of me. The whole group then launched into an out-of-tune rendition of Cumpleaos Feliz, set to evenly bad out-of-rhythm clapping. I stared at Kiyo the whole time and mouthed I will kill you. It only made his smile grow.You dont look a day older, he told me, once the mob had dispersed.I cant believe you did that. I jerked off the sombrero and dove into the new margarita. Do you know how humiliating that is?Hey, it got your mind off every(prenominal)thing else, didnt it? Plus, check it out. relieve flan.I blew out the candle and hesitantly poked the gelatinous mass below it. It looks like its been sitting around a while.Dont worry, he said, dragging the plate over to his side of the table. With all the preservatives in it, Im sure its fine.Im going to get you back for this, I warned, narrowing my eyes.The look he gave me was knowing. I hope so, he said. I certainly hope so.I can only blame the margaritas for what happened next, because as soon as wed paid our bill and were back in the car, we attacked each other. chance on? he said, trying to pull my shirt over my head. Who needs Rozas?It was dark out then, I reminded him, my own hands fumbling for his pants.Were in the back of the lot, he argued. And the suns going down.He had a point, and when he brought one of my nipples to his mouth, I kind of let the subject drop. We really were out of sight, and there were more important matters to take care of. We reclined and pushed the seat back as far as it would go, then finally managed to get each others jeans off. I brought my hips down, taking him into me.See? I gasped. Youre sorry now.Very, he managed to say.Our awkward positioning kept my breasts pretty clos e to his face, and he was taking advantage of it with his hands and mouth. As for me, I was just thrilled at the feel of being on top of him. After always playing submissive with Dorian, I suddenly exalted in this sense of power oddly since Kiyo had definitely been the one in control the last time we had sex. Now, it was all me, and I took a fair amount of satisfaction in taunting him, alternately increasing the speed of my movement and then slowing down when he got close to coming.Eugenie, he begged at last. Enough. Please do it.I leaned toward him like I might kiss him and then pulled back when his lips sought mine. With a grin, I straightened up as much as I could and rode him hard, finally letting him have the release hed begged for. His body bucked up as he came, his hands holding tightly to my hips as though I might leave before he finished.After that, I guess we were kind of geological dating again. The next week or so passed in an easy pattern. I saw Kiyo almost every d ay, and we slipped back into our old routines. I started taking more jobs, much to Laras relief, while Kiyo alternately worked at the vet clinic and checked in with the Otherworld. At night, he and I were always together, either at my place or his. My body began to remember what it was like being in a relationship, and slowly, my heart did as well.I only crossed into the Otherworld once during that time, both from Thorn Land withdrawal and curiosity over the war proceedings. No progress was being made with Katrice. I was appreciative for the lack of fighting, but the hoped-for peace talks still seemed a ways off. It was frustrating.Shes being difficult, said Shaya, when I asked about it. Understandably, she looked weary. These are delicate matters. They take time.I left it at that, feeling impatient, but figuring she knew better than me. Back in Tucson, I also got sporadic updates of another sort Enriques. To his credit, he called almost every day to report what hed done or investi gated. At first his attitude remained the same, full of that cockiness and irritability that said this was a vaunt of his time. Then, one day, things changed.I think, he said. You might be right.Im not sure who was more surprised by this him or me. Id honestly started to believe he wouldnt unfreeze up anything at all as evidence of either a suicide or a murder. I gripped the phone tightly.What? That someone killed her?Yeah I found a couple things. Did you know her husband has a girl?Deanna told me. She seemed okay with his moving on. It had been a few months since her death, too soon to start dating in my book, but still a semi-respectable time frame. According to Deanna, hed begun seeing someone a few weeks ago.Yeah, well, he moved on before she was dead. The girlfriend? His alibi.I frowned. Seriously? Deannas husband had been removed from suspicion because hed had a solid witness to his whereabouts when shed been killed. Hed been at a real estate agents office the agent was do wery him with a vacation home for their family. Maybe their relationship started after Deanna died Not if a witness I found is reliable. I also might have a lead that put ups Deanna wasnt the one who bought the gun.If thats true I couldnt finish right away. Deanna acquiring the gun that had killed her had been one of the most damning pieces of evidence for suicide. If you can prove that, then it could reopen everything.Yes, said Enrique matter-of-factly. Yes, it could. Ill be in touch.We disconnected, and I suddenly wished he hadnt been quite so good at his job. If he was right about all this and turned up the evidence he needed well, someone was going to have to break the news to Deanna that her husband had murdered her. And that someone would be me. She currently believed some crazed killer had done it, one that was after her family now. The thought of it all sickened me.As I sat there in my room, an Otherworldly presence made my skin tingle. For half a second, I thought Deanna was appearing unsummoned something I wasnt ready to deal with. Id essentially given her a dont call me, Ill call you directive. But, no. It wasnt her. It was Volusian, his red eyes as malevolent as always. Lately, his appearance meant news from the Otherworld. I hoped it would be good.Whats up? I demanded.Shaya requests your presence immediately.Something good at last. The peace talks?No. She needs you because the Oak King is at your castle, demanding to see you.

Bellinger and Transsexuals

Bellinger V Bellinger strip office soundfulnessfully be epitomized as clear and unbiased reference to targetative sexual urge- kindle differentiating and even opposition. Social character of an psyche is what appargonntly regarded as a reflection of his/her inner, biological role. Male and female interact and re amaze themselves in their respective gender roles as they atomic number 18 accostomed to and as it is their totally way to fully reveal their ad hominemity, gender role being an essential part to it.So far, inwardly the academic notion of sex or, if link to psychology, sex identity dickens distinct and quite discrete categories, first denoting biological inborn comp acents, second denoting acquired through with(predicate) amicableization pattern of behaviour, were embraced to secure separate and un selfish entreees. That gender role is a concept relating to second or acquired group of elements is a fact which thus far scarcely entail some(prenominal) insa lubrious implication.If there be a game participants to which are free to chose their gender role and are warranted, by the rules of the game, to be fully accepted at their tonic status, this status impart for the purpose of the game mean a carte blanche for any constructive self formation and assuming myriad of new social roles which spurrs the creativity of the participants. That game is very much alike a masquerade, where costumes and garnisheees are commonly cognize and recognizable and the owners of those costumes, impersonal as they are wearing their dominos, are dish outed as if being a true heroes.The rules of the game which sanctionize impersonation, in fact, inaugurate the spirit of mockery and futher creativity of individuals which, perdued by the cloak of assumed gender, incite get ahead from the province prescribed by their sex role assigned as birth. In fact, this abstract office staff or game is hardly command by any societal regulation or government statutue s it is inherently commit in human communities which tend to dissociate into a number of atomic communiteis which develope their internal regulations and are characterized by certain margin of deviation.What really empowers the participants of that kind of abstract situation and actualize their further expansion is technical devices or masks requisite to successfully impersonate gender roles and special warrant that their exit be accepted in their new acquired role. First creates the discourse of community, the accesability of technical devices draws the idea of the situation nearer to the partcipants second creates continuum for their activity empowering scheme to expand and difining the extremities and limits of that expansion.Far from stating the internal driving forces which rule the participants when they jump in the game I would like to underscore the dialectics among transsexuals and doctors which is accountable for re-asserting transexuals subjectivity, providing them w ith technical nub which greatly contri unlesse to that subjectivitys formation, and dialectics between transexuals and lawfulness. In Re Bellinger, several facts point out to the current disk operating system of limitations law and participation encounter as regards patterns of cross-sexual behaviour and their possible legal implications.It is clear abundant that Mrs. Bellinger since her unsuccessful marrige to a charr which resulted in devorce as betimes as 1975 led a sexually deviant subjective life which found its expression in wearing womans dress and acting as a woman. That pattern of behaviour is characterictic of cross-dressers or cross-gender individuals which find sexual and/or cerebral gratification in assuming a gender role of woman by partial of complete cross-dressing and often (which is conditioned by a degree of boldness of a cross-dresser) venturing out into public .As we also might know Mrs. Bellinger was rather radical in her endeavour and has completely ass umed new gender role and, in fact, had disguised her male side until eventually gone through gender re-assingment procedure. Although, for the purpose of present consideration the fact of her going through sex re-assignment treatment is extraneous as far as it may only indicate her being extremely persistent in assuming characteristics of wanted gender.The fact that she underwent operational treatment has no practical implications on the province of law come to it only designated that she been through treatment results of which are partially recognized by estate and law in general and to that extent that she is entitled to correction of documents ( whirl, etc. ) That government corrects documents for the person which throwd so profoundly that otherwise doing may impede his/her interaction with government and state services is absolutely reasonable practice.When individual wishes to change a name he/she is also entiltled to the correction of personal information in the passport lest there be any confusions of the personality of passport holder. Now the question is are there any material differences in the eyes of the law between situation when individual chose to ungergo operational treatment and having make so needs to bear the personal data typed in passport (together with photograph) corrected and that when individual chose to change, say, her espousal status and needs to have her personal data (last name) corrected?I think, despite apparent difference of two cases, both of them involve substantial changes in persons status which (changes) has to find their come outly reflection in official personal information. Initially, law is not concerned with changes or transubstantiation person undergoes it is only concerned with legal implications of those transformations or how they will affect legal status of individual should he participate in his new status within legal sphere.To participate within legal sphere, to put it accurately, mostly means to partake in complex of relations subject to regulation of special law or specific legal norms. Thus, though two cases are entirely different with respect to the record of changes individual undergoes, legal implications of sex re-assignment procedure are somewhat limited by the current state of law which is reluctant to acknowledge hardihood of pairing ceremony between persons at least one of which participated to it not in his/her authoritative sex, only if has chosen to change that pilot film sex and actually did so prior to the marriage .It follows that as regards spicific law of family, individual that enjoyed legal recognition in general (recognition through correcting personal data, including name which indicate gender), is incapable of fulfilment his/her adjusts springing from that recognition in particular case and with respect particular province of law.Thus, as far as nature of changes concerned apparently matters in the eyes of law, since it delegates rights upon person who changed the name as a result of personal wish and withholds the legal capabilities of those rights fulfilment in the case with men who changed the name as a result of personal wish to change sex and thus appropriate more coming powder-puff name, it harvesting that the fact of general aprobation of the sex-reassignment procedure and its results, which finds its expression in registering individual as a woman and entails legal rights and prefenrences capable of fulfilment in specific provinces of law (pension age and, what is more important, the right to marriage), does not mean that general aprobations universal validity it instead means some kind of contingent validity of general recognition of status.It practically means that general recognition is void as long as it does not entail recognition of persons rights in specific provinces of law (like labor law and family law). Particulary, the fact of gender re-assignment is immaterial to the case because neither it benef ited the person any more than would do when testifying his/her expressed and extremal thirst to posses the characteristics of paired gender, nor it entailed some practical outcomes of governments general recognition of the sex re-assignment fact when person was allowed to change a name in the passport. Thus far, I insist that Mrs. Bellinger was a transvestite which gone through gender re-assignment but the latter procedure did not qualitatively affect her legal status. As it is known from the case, the registrator did not ask Mrs.Bellinger about her gender status and Mr. Bellinger himself was not willing to inform him. So, it will be reasonable to presume that if at the moment marriage took place Mrs. Bellinger did not actually do gender re-assignment but instead prefered cross-dressing as transvestites do the registrator would hardly have more doubts about the gender of fiancee than he actually had. The difference between pre-operational and post-operational positions of Mrs. Be llinger was rather internal of character and laid deep in her self perception which apparently was tending towards further unification with all that constitutued womanly. Even at the time when Mrs.Bellinger still possesed secondary sexual atributes of male (penis) she also possesed a great deal of feminine traits and was very skilled at dressing woman clothes and make up. This allows for induction that it was not only after the operational treatment that Mrs. Bellinger did actually change in terms of gender as seen through public eyes. If transvestite looks skillful enough to pass the street and impart the idea of her girlishness to every one looking at her, she, to certain degree, is a girl to herself at this moment and is, to absolute degree, a girl to smart set aroound her. When much of the things to visually transform son into a girl was done and done with a good taste past nobody will distrust his/her feelings and venture to check her anatomical sex by pulling her skirts up. Thus, it is apparent that transvestite radiates feminine gender when in public eye which certainly does not go without further affirmation of herself in that believe. It follows that category of gender which comprise number of biological and non-biological or acquired elements is construed through and within societal perception of what that gender (male/female) should look like . If the society is misled and pose that only means that gender identity of some of its members went awray. The latter conceive the idea of gender in the context of self construction, self transformation and doctor actually aid them in perpetuating that belief in contigency of gender .That transvestite resort to special devices to assume the gender role and misled the society means that even without surgical treatment they may successfully socialize into society in the appetited role and that actual sex reassignment does not have any implications other than on transvestites subjectivity and self perception , that is, no practical bearing on societal perception. At this point, if law is only concerned with empowering adequate socialization (securing the equality of rights and principle of genral equity and equlity) of individual in his/her gender role, then it precribes equality of scope of right which pertain to inborn woman and that which pertain to person gone through sex re-assignment.On societal level, that equality is already established since everyone perceive trasvestite as a woman and naturally does treat her as a woman . Methodological problem here is that marginal transvestites which cross dress completely, live like women and express a strong desire to transform their bodies so that to alter their secondary sexual attributes into that which pertain to woman and, in whole, strive to unify with another gender totally abandoming their own original one, present a distinct group which needs both taxonomization and separate legal mount . As we said earlier, there will be no virt ual difference for the registrator whether Mrs. Bellinger would have been through surgical treatment at the moment of marriage or not.In the same manner, she will look equally feminine to people on the street before and after operation. The problem lays in her self perception. Acute desire to get rid of the abhorrant organs which (desire) borders with risc of self-mutilation or suicide was invoked by Harry Benjamine as reasons for surgical treatment of a patient. Benjamine patient thus gestates separate taxonomic niche and might also require medical and in extremal cases surgical treatment which , thus, looks akin to fate surgical measures applicable to unstable patient. Surgical vocabulary has penetrated the terrain once inhabited by psychopathological terminology.Treatment of such hard cases involving Marginal drive towards unification with other sex by arsenal of intense psychoterapy was cedeed futile and changed for more radical, surgical and hormonal technologies. Although, it is within approach of psychoterapy that demand of sex change, which was crucial in disclosure of syndrome itself, was recognized to cover over another form of subjectivity that are fundamentally destabilizing. It follows that emergency approach within which syndrome of expressed gender dysphoria taken at its extremity is only capable of rectification through surgical treatment intended at partial or full removal of secondary sexual attributes posseses not its past persuasiveness.Rather, its thesis about demand for sex change which serves as grade of the syndrome invites critics on the ground of its Although, Benjaminian patient as a product of doctors and patients dialectical outgrowth of cohesiveness for a subjectivity which constantly is under threat of devastation is very appealing to the law. The law may find its subject in the Benjamine patient. Thus created taxonomical niche entail various legal situations. Earlier, we considered the adventure of Mrs. Bellingers actual marriage (in terms of social recognition of their civil union) in case if she would not undergo sex re-assignment procedure and concluded that marriage will be not less socially valid under that conditions.What if in her place was another person who only occasionally cross dress and does not wish to play that social role of woman forever? It is very possible that she would pass the social test and misled the public with its look but the degree to which she really needs that social and legal recognition is, presumably, incommensurable to that of Mrs. Bellinger. In this case, the fact that individual has undergone surgical procedure may testify her load to the purpose of ultimate unification with opposite gender (along the lines of Benjamine patient approach) as well as underscore the intricasy of her psychosomatic neurosis ( psychopathology approach).In any case, surgical treatment dialigns the group of Marginal transvestites from other, Nuclear ones . And similary to medicine whic h aids that marginal patients by delivering them from their detestable organs , law is called to facilitate their further socialization into society by resolving the internal pressure they feel as regards inability to lawfully participate in civil unions. That law is called upon to faciliate in internal self development and self apprehension is no new it has incorporated norms securing the right of disabled and retarded which contribute to their self esteem and facilitate their internal development or prevents them from the threat of destruction of personality.But is not it that law pre-maturely intervene into the relations which are to be at first clearified and agreed upon by the medical specialists and only then passed into the sight of law? Whether it us true or not that if there are presently two groups each of which has its explanation on what marginal cross dressing is and how it should be treated then law is bound to side with one of those schools since no mutual agreement w as genuine? Benjamine patient is very appealing taxonomical category which directly and logically connect Marginal transvestism (springing from expressedly antipathic reaction to individual original sex) and gender re-assignment treatment (which is deemed to be the only plausible annunciation to thus posed problem).But in the eyes of law transvestite which undergone sex re-assignment posseses no single distinct advantage as compared to that (transvestite) which did not been through that treatment. It is gender identity of individual that matters when considering the issue of legislative changes to Matrimonial Causes Act. In this respect, gender re-assignment procedure is not a conclusive step which defines those who are eligible for the right to marriage it is only one of those steps which are directed by human identity and, through acquiring further visual and material semblance, incrementally make to unification with desired sex. This road may prove to be infinite.The position of gender re-assignment surgical procedure within the continuum of surgical procedures transexuals resort to allows for observation that transexuals, in fact, are continuously disturbed by abyss between them and ideal feminity (in case of men transexuals) and may never acquire bodily semblance enough to put their mind or gender identity at ease, that is to say that they are insecure in their feminity and their self apprehension is constantly impaired. Thus, it is impossible to render a transsexual somehow belong to feminine gender solely on the ground of him/her being surgicaly treated. Rather, it is the expressed self apprehension as belonging to feminine gender that could make them what they want to be. This conclusion entails further ones.The most prominent of them is that pronounced desire to be a femine is what transsexual has and ever would have and the aim of the law is to state whether it is sufficient for granting them all rights pertaining to female sex. In context of righ t to marriage this pronounced desire has to somehow fit into the rendering of marriage (marriage is void unless the parties are respectively male and female (Bellinger para 1) or that definition has to be changed because of certain cases which hardly fall within that definition but nevertheless seem to have direct bearing on the marriage. Clearly, transsexual which articulate her gender to be feminine in the marriage tends to have a wife role which will organically consort with other characteristic of feminity she tends to.In Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) 2001 Fam CA 1074 it was stated that there is no formulaic solution to determine the sex of an individual for the purpose of the law of marriage and difference is essentially that we can readily observe or identify the genitals, chromosomes and gonads, but at present we are unable to detect or precisely identify the equally biological characteristics of the brain that are present in transsexuals But to put right to marriage in direct dependance upon determining sex of person seems to be a dead end. The array of cases strating from Corbett v Corbett 1971 P 83 and ending with present case testifies that this approach is hardly efficient.The desicion in Goodwin v UK (2002) 35 EHRR 18 laid ground for re-apprisal of that approach. It reads that the Court found found no justification for exclude the transsexual from enjoying the right to marry under any circumstances. Obviously, there are no such impedements springing from the law itself which would prospectively prevent Marginal transvestites from acquiring right to marriage provided that there be a legislative will of Parlament. That the perplexities of that problem partially and briefly stated earlier do prevent House of Commons from mountain pass the bill also seems clear. At the same time, incentives coming out of European court are expressedly painted in colors of state-of-the-art and liberative legislative approach.Presently, I belive tha t formula which will satisfy Europeans will involve legislation tending to antecede the resolution of academic debates as regards specific domains of meidine and, in fact, contribute to the progressive and enlighted resolution of those debates. In our case, present state of the law includes some deceptive provisions. It clearly states that parties to marriage are respectively male and female which seems to be consonant with the desire of Marginal transvestites as they tend to artificially acquire maleness or femaleness. At the same time, law and the court do not seem to bother about priciseness of their rendering of that provision.So far, as it occures from the great majority of the cases, the court only have approached notions of maleness and femaleness, construed them to signify biological sex and do efforts to elaborate measures of ascertaining that original sex. It is now clear that societal perception of gender does not co-incide with legal one. The court insures the degree of preciseness of that legal perception but apparently, the sort between society which eyes Marginal trasvestite and sees a girl, Marginal transvestite which lives and strives to be a girl actually ever-approaching to it, and the Court which eyes Marginal transvestite through microscope and employes all kind of hromosomal tests and technical appliances to disclose that individuals original and abhorrent side is enormous.Doctors almost at once sided with their patient and developed certain categories (at the beggining Benjamine patient and then gender identity disorder) actually saling transvestites to state as transexuals taxon compulsory and contigent in itself which would underscore their unstability at the original gender and destabilizing subjectivity. Another school of medicine tries to buy that category back from the state pointing at the internal incommensurability and incohesiveness of it. It (school) actually speak out that state and society bought the thing which is not w hat it seems. And it is the time when gender and sex opposition is to reveal fully. As it might be construed from Bellinger case despite her successful effort to approach feminity Mrs.Bellinger did not managed to approach femaleness which under the present provisions of the law warrant her a right to marriage. Doctors appealed to progressiveness and humanity of legislator so that the latter might confer femaleness upon transexuals even if only to save their subjectivity. Unattainable status of, say, femaleness is mainly in charge of legal deadend with marriage rights of marginal transvestites. If sex-related approach was changed for gender-related one (first signifies biological sex, second gender role) within the provisions of the law it will greatly reduce that paintfull dialectics between transsexuals and doctors and transsexuals and law.Though, that changes ought to go with recognition of homosexual marriage. Transsexuals will never agree to register as homosexual family but th is will reduce the degree to which marriage right depend on gender re-assignment procedure, which is immaterial to marginal trabnssexuals right to marriage. Number of words 3558. References Books Changing Sex Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender by Bernice L. Hausman Duke University Press, 1995 The Psychology of Sexual Orientation, Behavior, and Identity A Handbook by Louis Diamant, Richard D. McAnulty Greenwood Press, 1995 DNA and Destiny Nature and Nurture in Human Behavior by R. Grant Steen Plenum Press, 1996 ledger articlesTransvestism A Survey of 1032 Cross-Dressers. by Richard F. Docter, Virginia Prince. Journal Title Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume 26. Issue 6. Publication Year 1997. Page Number 589+. Moving gaily forward? Lesbian, gay and transgender human rights in Europe. by Kristen Walker. Melbourne Journal of International Law, June 2001 v2 i1 p122 Paper articles Law reports. (News) Daily Telegraph (London, England) April 17, 2003 Cases cited Corbett v Corbett 1971 P 83 Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) 2001 Fam CA 1074 Goodwin v fall in Kingdom (2002) 35 EHRR 18 Bellinger v Bellinger 20032 FLR 1 Bellinger v Bellinger 2003 UKHL 21

An Analysis of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 Essay

As a response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the joined States government established a separate agency within the federal system to prevent prox terrorist activities. Hence, the surgical incision of fatherland Security (DHS) was created, along with the country of origin Security Act of 2002 (HSA). The HSA identified and explained the principle, jurisdiction and duties of the Department of Homeland Security. The HSA also reinforced sentences for transgressing national security honors and expanded federal control of local legal philosophy enforcement agencies.However, critics argued that the HSA instead promoted Ameri usher out global dominance at the expense of civil liberties. For instance, Title II pushed for the organization of a Directorate of Information Analysis and al-Qaida Protection, tasked with the creation and maintenance of a database containing public and esoteric information on virtually any individual in the United States. Telephone records, bank ing transactions, school records, exercising history these can be gathered to piece together a profile that can be used against innocent people suspected as terrorists.In the HAS Title V Emergency training and Response, there is no specific mandate of federal control over the local first responders the police, the firemen and the indispensableness personnel. The provision simply called for federal supervision, funding and cooperation. (Van Bergen, 2002) Although centralization is perfect for emergency preparedness on a sufficiently large scale, it could also lead to the loss of local control and to potential federal militarization. (Van Bergen, 2002) check to the United States Northern Command (USNC), Prohibiting direct military involvement in law enforcement is in holding with long-standing U. S. law and policy limiting the militarys role in domestic affairs. (Van Bergen, 2002)In addition, the posse comitatus Comitatus Act (18 USC 1385) generally prohibits U. S. military p ersonnel from interdicting vehicles, vessels and aircraft conducting surveillance, searches, pursuit and seizures or making arrests on behalf of civilian law enforcement authorities. (Van Bergen, 2002) The four statutory exceptions to this prohibition are the following counter-drug assistance (10 USC 371-81) Insurrection Act (10 USC 331-34) crimes using nuclear materials (18 USC 831) and chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction (10 USC 382).(Van Bergen, 2002) One of the most serious consequences of the HAS is the Critical Infrastructure Information Act of 2002 (CIIA). The CIIA offered corporations confidentiality and immunity from civil liability with respect to the critical infrastructure information (CII) that they submitted voluntarily to the DHS. CII may include virtually any information about physical or cyber infrastructure that can be useful to terrorists or other parties that intend to cause damage to the facility.(Steinzor, 2003) No one may use it in any civil a ction arising under federal or state law without obtaining the written consent of the company. Government officials who ordain violate the CIIA will face up to a socio-economic class in prison. The CIIA is very dangerous, as it would immunize corporations and their employees from malfeasance in their operations, from racial discrimination to embezzlement, violations of environmental regulations and negligence that will harm the public physically and or financially.Hence, the CIIA might also end up granting immunity to enterprises that were guilt-ridden of negligence in the face of terrorist attacks, allowing them to escape accountability for putting other peoples lives in danger. Terrorist groups such as the Al Qaeda might use the CIIA to their advantage, because their operatives assume quiet and unobtrusive westbound lifestyles and identities to avoid capture and to successfully carry out missions. But with the misleading nature of the HSA, the question medium Americans should be asking is Who should they be afraid of, the terrorists or their own government?ReferencesVan Bergen, Jennifer. (2002, December 2-4). Homeland Security Act The Rise of the American Police State. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//www. ratical. org/ratville/CAH/HSA_RoAPS. html. Steinzor, Rena. (2003, March 12). Democracy Dies Behind Closed Doors The Homeland Security Act and Corporate Accountability. PDF File. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//www. progressiveregulation. org/perspectives/secrecy_white_paper. pdf.

Defining Social Problems

A distinction is made between the commentary of a amicable enigma and sociological business by Peter Worsley (1972). The latter refers to the problem of explaining kindly behaviour in terms of a sociological theory, whilst the former(prenominal) is near piece of companionable behaviour that causes earthly concern friction and or private misery and calls for corporate action to solve it.The study of affable problems is a complex and very controversial undertaking. Broadly speaking, this is non understandable to the average layman whose concepts of what constitutes a societal problem is firmly established by the rhetoric of his/hers everyday sociable discourse and indeed the classification of acts or situations as companionable problems seem to be a relatively simple exercise.It is becoming more and more evident by present day sociologists and companionable scientists alike the complexities involved in shaping, identifying and classifying a brotherly situation as a k ind problem. This process has far-reaching implications on the focus, scope and projected recommendations of studies conducted of a particular social situation. There are cardinal major conceptualisations of defining a social situation as a social problem. The first is touch around the self-explanatory phase public opinion approach.This approach contends that a social problem cannot exist for a parliamentary law unless it is recognized by that order to exist (Blumer, 1971) the inference here is that it is the members of the society that define and construct their social reality and that via socialization these interpretations of societal phenomena and value consensus is conveyed to the offspring. Individuals and social situations that do not conform to the norms and values of society are often viewed as social problems.In Blumers definition of social problem he uses a openhanded concept of society but fails to further refine his definition. Merton committal to makeup in Cont emporary Social Problems also utilizes in his definition of what is a social problem the broad and in my opinion ambiguous term community. His definition of social problems is as follows a social definition exists when there is a sizeable discrepancy between what is and what quite a little think ought to be. maven discovers that each society has their own conceptualizations and interpretations of their social world and furthermore as contemporary sociologists, namely M.G. smith and his pluralist model of society (adapted from the research of J. Furnival of Burma), watch suggested different fractions of society have competing and contrasting ideologies. The use of such(prenominal) terms suggests social union and cohesion of meanings and oversimplifies the above menti mavind complexities of societies. A branching school of thought emergent from the public-opinion approach in the defining of social problems is in my opinion the quantitative approach.Perhaps realizing the aforemen tioned pitfalls of the definition proposed by Blumer and Merton both(prenominal) sociologist have attempted to further refine their definitions by assigning a manifestly quantitative value to them. Sheppard and Vosss definition is critiqued by Manis Contemporary Social Problems They define a social problem as a social designer which a bouffant affinity of society see as undesirable or in need of attention Here the quantitative term large proportion of society refines the initial term society and people utilized in the definition of Blumer and Merton respectively.Julian writing in Social Problems, 10th edition, too in his definition utilizes the term operative proportion of people, Kornblum includes the term most people and likewise Fuller and Myers in their book The Natural History of a social problem, American Sociological Review quantifies his definition by added the term a considerable number of people. Though the inclusion of some additional factor concentrates the over all definition of what is a social problem it still does not give a full representation of the other forces at work that stretch forth story to a social suss out being class as a social problem.We have go from the ambiguity of the term society to saying that its the volume who decide or define social problems. The supporters of the public opinion approach contend that this approach limits the subjectivity of the researcher. Turner and Beeghley believe that by relying on the publics conceptualization of what constitutes a social problem that the sociologist remain neutral and value- excuse thereby playing a passive kinda than active role in the process of defining social problems, since he/she is unable to impose his values, ethical motive and ethnics.Gross dismisses the proposed objective rational proposed by the supporters of the public-opinon approach. He believes that for the sociologist even to interpret a public resolution to a social situation as negative or positive, good or bad is in itself a value judgment This method of defining social problems is not as value free and objective as Beeghley and Tuner insinuate. If one is to speak of the majority, then what of the minority. In all fairness some public-opinion supporters have attempted to address this aspect of the debate around the definition of social problems.Sheppard and Voss have include in their definition the point that not only is a social problem defined by the large proportion of society but by in good order elements of it who see a social condition as undesirable and in need of attention. Julian makes an intuitive juxtaposition of the words to further catch this point. In his definition he contends that a social problem is so defined when a significant number of people or a number of significant people agree that the condition violates an authoritative value or standard.It confuses the definition somewhat since one is unable to determine whether the values of the majority are the ones violated by the social condition and it is thus defined as a social problem or if a social problem is so defined because the accepted values of the powerful (assumption here is that individuals who share the same social condition or class have the same values) have been threatened. In the book, Defining Social Problems, there is considerable evidence to suggest that power groups play a significant role in the defining of social problems.Here the writer contends, and correctly so, that a social problem can exist for a number of years and still not be classified or ac manageledged as a social problem A social problem is express to exist when an influential group asserts that a certain social condition affecting a large group of people is a problem that may be remedied by collective action. This introduces the concept that social problems are subjective, value-laden and culturally informed a point contested by Manis.Furthermore its the influence of the power groups derived fro m their strength, status or sheer number of people that have significantly impacted on social policy at the national level. The example given was centered around the hysteria of the milk cartoon kids. There arose in the 1950s in the USA an outcry against the seemingly stark increase in the number of kidnappings. This caused a hoi polloi hysteria and this social problem was deemed acute and severe enough to warrant an increase in police watchfulness at schools. The situation was not a real social condition but it was considered as such.This is one of the primary concerns of Manis whereby subjectivity in the definition of a social problem may lead to falsehoods. He suggests or else an objective approach which he labels the knowledge values of science. He links social facts to values and devises an approach to defining social problems based on intrinsic values, contextual values and social responsibility values. By utilizing his method, he contends, ensures objective results by the sociologist. Though not part of the Marx theory, the labeling theory in this case exists alongside and supports the theory that power groups play a significant role in defining social problems.Howard Becker was instrumental in the development of the labeling theory. Pierre Bordeaux, a Marxist, studied the education system extensively and acknowledges the ability of the powerful to impose their definition of reality on others. The controversy surrounding the definition of social problems is still going strong. Some may ask why is it important to understand how a social situation is classified as a social problem. The implementation of social policies affects everyone and some policies may not always be to our benefit.For example the Mass Marriage Movement in Jamaica looked to encourage couples to marry because some British sociologists thought that single-parent families were having adverse effects on their children and this was considered a problem. Through the research of dedicated Caribbean sociologist we know differently. In conclusion, I adapt the view points of Merton and Roberts, Contempory Social Problems, that social problems vary among societies and it varies in the same society among social groups and from time to time, since both the social realities and the social norms differ and change. Fuller and Myers to develop a rather accommodating definition of a social problem. They wrote Every social problem thus consists of an objective and a subjective definition. The objective condition is a verifiable condition which can be checked as to the existence and magnitude by impartial and trained observers. The subjective definition is the awareness of certain individuals that the condition is a threat to cherished values.

Bak Funeral Home Case Study Analysis

The funeral industry has changed very much. It has less(prenominal) kindredity as in conventional way of funeral in 1975. There have been incredible alterations over the past hardly a(prenominal) decades due to Federal Trade Commission (FTC). FTC has mandated alterations in the funeral service pricing, alterations in consumer preferences, and desegregation of funeral service providers. In 1984, FTC wanted funeral homes to offer customers with a general price list that disintegrates the prices of each dowery of the funeral.For instance, instead of charging one price of $9000 for all merchandise and services for funeral purposes, the funeral home must divide the charges into components, for example, $3450 for casket, $540 for embalming, $185 for cosmetology, hair tonic and placement in casket, etc. In addition, the FTC has decl ard that funeral homes may not require customers to sully a tie of items, in particular caskets or burial vaults from the funeral homes.Customers may buy either or more or less(prenominal) the components from a dealer apart from the funeral director and have the casket transported to the funeral home and the vault transported to the cemetery. Nowadays, there are several non funeral home dealers of these components. Customers can go online to buy caskets and vaults from the Funeral Depot or the American Casket storehouse with next-day delivery assured. A number of religious orders manufacture caskets that they grocery through funeral resource centers positioned in mammoth cities. Moreover, the preferences of the customers have altered dramatically.About 30 years ago, nearly 93 percent of the families prefer to go for traditional funeral followed by earth burial. Today, the percentage of burials has declined by 71 percent, whilst the percentage of cremation has increased to 29 percent on national level (Ruhl and Wilson, 2008. p. 482, 484). The funeral industry has advanced from a comparatively plain local business that was i n large portion unfettered into a contemporary industry controlled by multi mortuary business corporations struggle for economies of scale.2 a) Sabina need to calculate the depreciation of the rental home in order to buy the Bak Funeral kinsperson. There is a need to check all tax issues methodically with a tax accounting professional, however the intrinsic R plainue Service (IRS) in general allows devaluing the value of the construction on the property over a period of 27 and half years. This is the rational treatment of the fact that structures do strike out eventually, or become out of date owing to their older qualities no longer in demand. So, Bak Funeral menage has been generating some positive capital flow per year.However, now some of that income can be offset for taxes. The conformationing is depreciated by cutting out the value of the land and dividing the building value by 25 years for yearly depreciation (25 years because the building was constructed in 1980 and the valuation is being done in 2005). The depreciation calculation looks like this 1. Purchase price Land Value = Building Value. 2. Building Value / 25 = yearly allowable depreciation get off the groundion (Kimmons, n. d. ). The Bak Funeral nursing home has a depreciation value.Thus, it would not be feasible for Sabina to buy back the Funeral Home and ask her mother, Joan to rent her the existing building for $2000 per month. Individuals invest in property not only for the income prospective it presents, but also for the tax benefits that accompany owning and renting out assets. Possessing property and renting it out is a business. One can take in revenue (rent) and incur costs similar to any other business. The greater part of operating expense deductions comes from money that one has expended on the property.There are deductions permitted for mortgage interest and property taxes, in addition to deductions for insurance, maintenance, and mending on the buildings. One expense that requires no expenditure of money is reduction on the property. This is an accounting deduction that is permitted and is ground on the general wear and tear on the building. If Sabina can show a loss on her rental property, where her expenditures exceed her income, she cleverness be able to remove the loss on her tax return. The only way that she can deduct the loss is to be an active member in the supervision of the property.She can hire a property manager to carry out the day-to-day tasks, but she needs to be aggressively participating in appreciating terms of contracts, interviewing probable tenants, and approving expenses that go toward upholding the building ( valuate Tips All about Rental Property Tax Breaks, n. d. ). Hence, Joan (her mother) would agree to this arrangement. 2 b) Joan requires 11 percent cash flow return on her investment in the building. The market value of the building is $1800, 000. Sabina would not need to pay state and federal income taxes because the company would be operating at a loss.As the net income is declining year after year, that is why Sabina should not purchase Bak Funeral Home and operate it at its present location. 2 c) Now we need to check whether it is feasible for Sabina to purchase Bak Funeral Home business and operate it in nearby location. Sabina would be finding an investor who would be willing to purchase and build a new funeral home away from Regional Airport where land determine are lower. At least ten residential lots will be required for car parking. Each lot is sold at $30,000.Building costs would be $900,000 and real estate cost $25000. Here also, the assumptions are made. Sabina would not need to pay state and federal income taxes because the company would be operating at a loss. It would be feasible for Sabina to buy back the Bak Funeral Home and operate it in nearby location as the values of the land seem to be lower. 2 d) Firms whose level of performance is below parity, or that finds it more and more difficult to flourish in the new economic world order, seeks and implements techniques to enhance performance and augment stockholder wealth.For those managers who are critically considering whether a merger or a consolidation would be feasible survival for their firms, understanding the rules and methods governing these events will facilitate them to make their choice. Thus, given the current situation Sabina should approach Modelski Funeral Home and suggest that she merge the Bak Funeral Home Business into Modelski location. If the two businesses are combined, then both the business would be able to prosper and as the stake is 50-50, then it would not be any problem for the companies if they even incur losses.They will be able to compensate and they would also had a larger portion of market share in the industry. 2 e) In this case, Sabina should buy the Bak Funeral Home Business at the price which her mother, Joan is religious offering and would definitely merge with Mo delski business. As she would be able to purchase the business at an interest wanton rate over a period of five years, thus it would be viable for her to buy the business. 2 f) Reputation indeed does work in case of Sabina as she has been managing her fathers business for few years. She herself is a brand as people are aware of her name and fame being a funeral director.However, if she goes by profit making motive, then it would not work in the long run. She should buy her Bak Funeral Home at the interest free rate which her mother is offering. 2 g) The price is based on the firms ability to generate a stream of profit or cash flow. The shoper projects this stream of cash more than 5 or more years to compute the worth of the business. Often, discounted future earnings are applied which takes into consideration the time value of money cash obtained in year 5 is discounted based on probable interest rates.In this process disagreements can crop up regarding estimation of cash flow a nd predictable sales projections. A lot of cash flow and EBITA (earnings before interest, taxes and amortization) protuberances employ recast numbers pool to reproduce the outcome on profits of perquisites that a business proprietor takes from the business (How to sell a small business, n. d. ). Thus, it would not be feasible for Sabina to get out of the funeral business and let her mother to sell the business at a price which is five times the cash flow of the company.3) In raise of of the prevention methods employed, probable threats that could arise inside or outside the organization which needs to be evaluated. even off though the exact nature of probable disasters or their resultant effects are hard to determine, it is opportune to perform a complete risk assessment of all threats that can sensibly occur to the organization. patronage the type of threat, the objectives of business recovery planning are to guarantee the safety of consumers, staff and other effect during and following a catastrophe (Wold and Shriver, n. d. ).